Bonding by adhesive



March 16, 1943 l A. L. RUSSELL 2,313,892

BONDING BY ADHESIVE I File d Sept. 8. 1941 This invention relates to methods two pieces of material by adhesive. The invention" relates also to methods of preparing sheet material for bonding, and-to sheet material which has been prepared for bonding accordingto these Patented Mar. 16; 19 43 f detain-Amen, Boston,- Mas; s am to: r UnitedShoe Machinery, Corporation, Fleming-f I ton, Ni 1 acorporation ol New Jersey l "ApplicationSeptember a,194i, senai1w;4c9,993

isom rs. (inn-145i oi bonding methods.

-'In another aspect, the invention provides a laminated insole blank comprising lamina having openings disposed alongtthe mar- In the past, considerable difliculty hasbeen-en- T .t perienced. in bonding some pieces oi sheetmaterial due tofthe fact thatthebond produced by thusual method between the surfaces of two pieces of stock is stronger thanftha't' between such surfaces and subjacent portions 01 the two pieces "of stock; Thus, a satisfactorily strong bond between the surfaces of two pieces of sheet material may .be of little utility due to the fact that these surfaces tear awayafrom the subjacent portions or the sheet material whenever shearing or tearing'f orces are applied to the bond.

difllculty is particularly noticeable when one of the pieces of the sheet material consists of a plurality-oflaminaejoined together by a suitable binder. -S uch sheet material may, for example, consist of a number of laminae of a wood-pulp base composition secured together by latex.

It is an object of the present invention; therefi'ore, to overcome such difllculties asabove referred to and to provide a" method of forming an jimproved'bond between two pieces of material, the bond extending to subjacent parts oi. the

material thereb y to prevent separation of the In accordance with these objects my invention provides inpn aspect a method "oiti bonding two pieces ofmaterial which includes forming a plu- 40 j rality of protuberanceson the two pieces oi' materiaLskiving on or othera surface of one of,

wise removing; the protuberances to expose subjacent stock in diflerent areas over the surface. applying adhesive to the surface of the'material 45 including the areas thusexposed, and bringing togetherthe piece and'a second piece to which it is to be bonded. In theeventthat one 01' the 1 pieces of sheetjmaterial already has protuberancesiormed thereon the method includes the charaterized by a novel method or preparinz gin thereof and at least one subjacent. lamina 1 portions oi which extend through the' openings in said outer lamina and are. exposed to-view on" the surface thereof., The invention is also such an insole.

In stillanotheraspect; the invention provides laminated sheetmaterial comprising an outer 1 lamina having openingsscattered over. its surapplication to the bonding 0! shoe upper parts a with laminated insoles, as in. cement-lasting, but

lace; and aplurality of subjacentlaminae portions of which extend through openings in said outer laminae and are exposed to view on the surface thereof, h 7 a s The invention is hereinaiter'described in its it is to be understood'that the-invention is of general application and is not limitedto its ap pilcation to the bonding of these particular parts.

The above and other ieaturesoi the invention will be furtherexplainedin the following" detailed description and defined in the claims.

Fig. 11 is a schematic representation ofv a suitable machine for the practiceoi the invention,

the sheet material under treatment being shown in section;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the treadside or a laminated insole which n has" been; prepared for" method oi the invention;

bonding to an ov'erlasted upperaccording to the Fig. 3-is airagmentary' "view onan enlarged scale showing in section a portion or afshoe embodying the insole shown in Fig. 2; and h Fig, 4 is'a sectional viewonagreatly enlarged scale showing the. result produced by the, application of a step of the method of the invention'to a piece of laminated-sheet material having h. upper according tothemethod oi. theinvention,

a plurality of laminae.

In the bonding together of an insole and an an insoleblank 2 is cut out of laminated, sheet material having laminae 4 and 6, by any suitable means. Thisinsole, blank is then operated upon by a pair of coacting pressure rolls 8 and steps of removing the protuberances; applying adhesive to] the suriace oi the material and to the areas exposed by removing the protuberances, and bringing together the piece and the second piece to which it isto'befbonded.

I 0, the rolls being positively driven'in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1. "I'heupperpressure roll; 8 has formed at spaced intervalsfabout its periphery a series 01 pro- ,tuberances [2. Although hemispherical pror tuberances have been shown in the drawing, it is M obvious that protuberances oi other shapes may an outer 2 p be used. Depressions l4, having the same shape as the protuberances l2, are formed at spaced intervals about the periphery of the lower pres-- sure roll Ill.- Advantageously, the depressions are considerably larger than the protuberances, thereby to avoid tearing the sheet material. The pressure rolls 8' and I are driven in timed relation so that the protuberances l2 and depressions cooperate to form protuberances [6 upon the surface I] of an insole blank 2 passing between them, as shown in Fig. 1. The pressure rolls are so adjusted that a portion l8 of the lamina 4 is displaced to the plane of the surface ll of thelamina 6, while the surface of the lamina B is displaced accordingly, forming a protuberance upon the surface. It will be understoodthat the pressur rolls operate 27in the direction feeding action is of the arrow in Fig. 1. This utilized to carry the insole .blia.rik 2, upon which protuberances it have beeniformed, past a skiving knife 20 which operates to remove the protuberances l8 (and portionsit of the lamina 4) from the insole "It willbe understood that the pro- "tiib'rances may be removed by other means, as

grinding or the like.

ej'removal of the protuberances results in I. eproducti on of an-insole' blank having areas 22 of theupper lamina 4' exposed in various areas over its surface l1. Preferably, the protuberances I6 areformed at a constant distance in from the edge of the insole blank 2 along a line extending around the toe thereof from the breast line to the breast line. This operation produces an insole such as that shown in Fig. 2 having areas 22 of one lamina 4 exposed upon the surface I! of the second lamina 6, the areas 22, b'eing so positioned thatcement-receiving f 'areas of both laminae will underlie the overtiedimargin of an-upper.

. sucl'ifan insole may be used in the constructioii of a cement-lasted shoe, as indicated in Fig. 3.. As shown, the insole 2, an upper 24 and alining 2B are positioned upon a last 28. 'Prefjferably, the lining 26fis cut scant'so that it barely "extends over the edge of the insole 2. In the construction of the shoe, the insole is secured to the last in the usual manner with the areas 22 on the tread side of the insole. The upper parts are assembled upon the last 28 and adhesive is applied to the lasting margin of the. 'upper24 and along the margin of the insole 2, after which theupper is lasted over the insole in, the usual manner. It will be understood that an adhesive bond is formed between the upper 24 and the lamina 4 throughout the area 22 as well as between the upper and the lamina '8. Thus, the fact that the bond between the upper 24 and the surface I! of the insole 2 may be stronger than that between the laminae 4 and 6 is of little consequence since both of-the laminae are bonded directly to the'upper. Although ,the method has been described as applied'to the bonding of an upper to a laminated insole, it is obvious that a similar advantage would be secured in the bonding of an upper to an'insole of homogeneous material since' 'the a position below also to feed the insole blank I has improved bonding characteristics which ;make it suitable for many uses.

' aaraaoa figure a protuberance is formed on one surface of the laminated stock according to the method described above, the height of the protuberance being less than the thickness of the stock, and is removed by skiving, thereby to, expose subjacent laminae. This operation results in the exposure upon the face of the, surface lamina 30, of areas 34 of the laminae 32. Thus, when a second piece of sheet material 36 is coated with adhesive and pressed against the laminated material thus prepared, the adhesive bond will extend not only between the surface lamina 30 and the sheetmaterial 36-but also between the sheet material '36 and each of the subiacent laminae 32, thereby greatly strengthening the bond between the two pieces of sheet material.

It will be seen that material prepared for bonding according to the method of the invention Although the invention has been described in its applications to the binding together of shoe parts and to the preparation of laminated sheet material for bonding, it may be used advantageously in the bonding together of any two pieces of sheet material. c

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis:

1. The method of bonding two pieces of sheet material which includes forming a. plurality of protuberances on a surface of one of saidpieces,

removing said protuberances to expose subjacent stock' in different areas over said surface, applying adhesive to at least the stock thus exposed, and bringing the piece together with a second piece of sheet material to which it is to be bonded, the area of saidsecond piece being substantially greater than the total area of the subjacent stock thus exposed.

2. The method of bonding two pieces of sheet material one of which has protuberances upon its surface, which includes removing'said protuberances to provide a flat surface in portions of which the subjacent stock is exposed, applying adhesive to the fiat surface thus prepared including the subjacent, stock, and bringing toareas over gether the pieces to be bonded.

V 3. The method of'bonding two pieces at least one of which is of laminated sheet material which includes forming a plurality of protuberanceson the adhesive-receiving face of the laminated piece, the heights of said protuberances being less than the thickness of the material, removing said protuberances to expose successive subjacent laminae thereof in difierent its surface, applying adhesive to at least thelaminae {thus exposed, and pressing the piece against the second piece the area of which is substantially greater than the total area of the subjacent laminae thus exposed.

4. That improvement in methods of cementl lasting shoes which includes the'steps of preparing the marginof one of the shoe parts to-be bond would extend not only to the surface of bonded byforming protuberances in the attaching surface thereof, removing said protuberances,. applying adhesive both to the marginal surface and to the exposed portions of the subjacent material, and thereafter pressing the parts together to form adhesive bonds between the exposed subjacent material and the other shoe part. 5. The method ofcement-lasting shoes to secure together an upper and an insole which includes forming a plurality of protuberances along the margin of one of said parts on its adhesivereceiving face, removing said protuberances to expose subjacent stock, applying adhesive to the margins of the upper and insole, lasting the upper, and pressing it against the insole, the ad-.

heslve bonds extending between the subjacent stock thus exposed and the other shoe part.

6. The method of cement-lasting shoes to secure together an upper and an insole which in cludes forming a plurality of protuberances along the margin of the insole, removing said protuherances to expose subjacent stock of the insole in different areas along its margin, applying adhesive to the stock thus exposed, to the margin of the insole, and to the lasting margin of the upper, lasting the upper over the insole, and pressing it against the insole, the adhesive bonds extending between the upper and at least the prepared areas of the insole.

of openings disposed along the margin thereof in position to underlie the overlasted margins of an upper and at least one subjacent lamina, portions of which extend through the openings in said outer lamina and are exposed on the adheslve-receiving surface thereof.

ARTHUR L. RUSSELL, 

